Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Mythological Image of Sun Wukong.

This paper examines the symbolism of the cultural image Sun Wukong (the Monkey King), a Chinese legendary hero, and how it influenced an eight-year-old boy's psychic development. Through an analysis of Sun Wukong's life from his birth to attaining Buddhahood, a three-phase healing process is identified in Sun Wukong's tale and the psychotherapeutic process: "naming and initiating," "nurturing and taming," and "transforming and transcending," proposed by Dr. Heyong Shen. Sandplay visually highlighted these key clinical changes in conscious awareness and developmental behaviour influencing the boy's individuation process. Images found either in cultural traditions or spontaneously emerging from the unconscious in individuals are of significance in human life, offering pathways to psychic healing and development. Further, myths and cultural resources used in clinical work demonstrate that having cultural competency is invaluable in Jungian analysis. Pathogenic and health-maintenance factors of culture can be explored in future clinical practice and research.

Cet article étudie le symbolisme de l'image culturelle d'un héros légendaire chinois; Sun Wukong (le roi singe). L'article explore comment cette image a influencé le développement psychique d'un garçon de huit ans. À travers une analyse de la vie de Sun Wukong depuis sa naissance jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne la bouddhéité, un processus de guérison en trois phases est identifié dans le conte de Sun Wukong et dans le processus psychothérapeutique, et proposé par le Dr Heyong Shen : « nommer et initier ¼, « apprivoiser et nourrir ¼ et « transformer et transcender ¼. La thérapie par le jeu de sable a ensuite mis en évidence visuellement ces changements cliniques clés dans la prise de conscience et le comportement développemental, qui ont influencé le processus d'individuation du garçon. Les images trouvées dans les traditions culturelles ou qui émergent spontanément de l'inconscient chez les individus sont importantes dans la vie des êtres humains : elles fournissent des voies de guérison et de développement psychiques. De plus, les mythes et les ressources culturelles utilisés dans le travail clinique montrent que la compétence culturelle est inestimable dans l'analyse jungienne. Les facteurs pathogènes et les facteurs de maintien de la santé - présents dans la culture - peuvent être explorés dans la pratique clinique et la recherche futures.

Este artículo explora el simbolismo de la imagen cultural de Sun Wukong (el Rey Mono), un héroe legendario chino, y cómo influyó en el desarrollo psíquico de un niño de ocho años. A través de un análisis de la vida de Sun Wukong desde su nacimiento hasta alcanzar la Budeidad, se identifica un proceso de curación en tres fases en el cuento de Sun Wukong y en el proceso psicoterapéutico: "nombrar e iniciar", "domar y nutrir" y "transformar y trascender", propuestos por el Dr. Heyong Shen. A continuación, el juego de arena puso de relieve visualmente estos cambios clínicos en la conciencia y en el desarrollo del comportamiento, influyendo en el proceso de individuación del niño. Las imágenes que se encuentran tanto en las tradiciones culturales, como las que que emergen espontáneamente del inconsciente de los individuos son importantes en la vida humana, ya que ofrecen vías para la curación psíquica y el desarrollo. Además, los mitos y los recursos culturales utilizados en el trabajo clínico demuestran que tener competencia cultural es inestimable en el análisis junguiano. Los factores patógenos y de mantenimiento de la salud de la cultura pueden explorarse en la práctica clínica y la investigación futuras.

Notas para decolonizar os estudos transpessoais no brasil: contribuições do pluriperspectivismo participativo / Notes for decolonizing transpersonal studies in brazil: contributions of participatory pluriperspectivism / Apuntes para la decolonización de los estudios transpersonales en brasil: aportes del pluriperspectivismo participativo

O campo dos estudos transpessoais tem avançado em diversas áreas no Brasil. Comemorou seus 40 anos com uma inserção ativa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e uma ampliação de núcleos formativos e apoiadores de ensino, pesquisa e ações sociais, além de diálogos com o Sistema de Conselhos de Psicologia. Desafios são apresentados a partir do levantamento de uma série de questões importantes e ignoradas dentro da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil. Apresentamos o pluriperspectivismo participativo como possibilidade de decolonizar as matrizes eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, que dão suporte ao pensamento transpessoal brasileiro, buscando honrar nossas raízes históricas e incluir outras epistemologias e ontologias, que dão continuidade à crítica à lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos uma breve agenda de notas temáticas que carecem de um processo decolonizador no campo transpessoal: a) crítica às perspectivas de um pensamento hegemônico, em termos globais por meio da dominação Norte-Sul ou no campo das relações sociais; b) revisão das formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) questionamento da noção de universalismo das ciências e da ética; d) aprofundamento da análise crítica da supremacia restritiva da racionalidade formal técnico-científica em relação às formas de subjetividade, de vivências holísticas e integradoras e de valorização do corpo; e) revisão da noção de sujeito moderno desprovida da cocriação do humano com a comunidade, a história, a natureza e o cosmos.(AU)

The field of transpersonal studies has advanced in several areas in Brazil. It celebrated its 40th anniversary with an active insertion in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and an expansion of training centers and supporters of teaching, research, and social actions, in addition to dialogues with the System of Councils of Psychology. Challenges are presented based on a survey of a series of important and ignored issues within Transpersonal Psychology in Brazil. We present participatory pluriperspectivism as a possibility to decolonize the Eurocentric and North American matrices that support Brazilian transpersonal thought, seeking to honor our historical roots and include other epistemologies and ontologies, which continue the critique of modern Cartesian logic. We indicate a brief agenda of thematic notes that lack a decolonizing process in the transpersonal field: a) criticism of the perspectives of a hegemonic thought, whether in global terms via North-South domination or in the field of social relations; b) review of the forms of "centrocentrism"; c) questioning of the notion of universalism of science and ethics; d) deepening of the critical analysis of the restrictive supremacy of the technical-scientific formal rationality in relation to the forms of subjectivity, of holistic and integrative experiences, and of valuing the body; e) review of the notion of the modern subject devoid of the co-creation of the human with the community, the history, the nature, and the cosmos.(AU)

El campo de los estudios transpersonales ha avanzado en varias áreas de Brasil. Se celebró su 40.º aniversario con una inserción activa en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y una ampliación de los centros de formación y promotores de la docencia, la investigación y la acción social, además de diálogos con el Sistema de Consejos de Psicología. Los desafíos se presentan a partir de una encuesta de una serie de temas importantes e ignorados dentro de la Psicología Transpersonal en Brasil. Presentamos el pluriperspectivismo participativo como una posibilidad para decolonizar las matrices eurocéntrica y americana, que sustentan el pensamiento transpersonal brasileño, buscando honrar nuestras raíces históricas e incluir otras epistemologías y ontologías que continúan la crítica de la lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos una breve agenda de apuntes temáticos que carecen de un proceso decolonizador en el campo transpersonal: a) crítica de las perspectivas de un pensamiento hegemónico, ya sea en términos globales a través del dominio Norte-Sur o en el campo de las relaciones sociales; b) revisión de las formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) cuestionamiento de la noción de universalismo de la ciencia y la ética; d) profundización del análisis crítico de la supremacía restrictiva de la racionalidad formal técnico-científica en relación a las formas de subjetividad, de experiencias holísticas e integradoras y de valoración del cuerpo; e) revisión de la noción de sujeto moderno desprovisto de la cocreación de lo humano con la comunidad, la historia, la naturaleza y el cosmos.(AU)

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

Relatos da pandemia: ser mulher e mãe em tempos de covid-19 / Pandemic reports: being a woman and mother in covid-19 times / Relatos de la pandemia: ser mujer y madre en tiempos del covid-19

Partindo da pergunta "Como tem sido ser mulher e mãe em tempos de pandemia?", o presente estudo convidou mulheres que são mães, em redes sociais virtuais, a partilhar um relato de suas experiências com a readaptação parental em função do distanciamento social causado pela pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a experiência de ser mulher e mãe em tempos de covid-19 e distanciamento social, apontando algumas ressonâncias do cenário pandêmico na subjetividade dessas mulheres. O estudo teve como base o referencial psicanalítico, tanto na construção da pesquisa e análise dos relatos quanto na sua discussão. A análise dos cerca de 340 relatos coletados, os quais variaram de uma breve frase a longos parágrafos, apontou para uma série de questionamentos, pontos de análise e reflexões. A pandemia, e o decorrente distanciamento social, parece ter colocado uma lente de aumento sobre as angústias das mulheres que são mães, evidenciando sentimentos e sofrimentos sempre presentes. Destacaram-se, nos relatos, a sobrecarga das mulheres com as tarefas de cuidado dos filhos e da casa, a culpa, a solidão, a exaustão, e o sentimento de que não havia espaço nesse contexto para "ser mulher", sendo isso entendido especialmente a questões estéticas e de vaidade.(AU)

Starting from the question "How does it feel to be a woman and a mother in pandemic times?", this study invited women who are mothers, in virtual social networks, to share their experiences regarding parental adaptations due to social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to reflect on the experience of being a woman and a mother in the context of COVID-19 and of social distancing, pointing out some resonances of the pandemic scenario in the subjectivity of these women. The study was based on the psychoanalytical framework, both in the construction of the research and analysis of the reports and in their discussion. The analysis of about 340 collected reports, which ranged from a brief sentence to long paragraphs, pointed to a series of questions, analysis topics, and reflections. The pandemic, and the resulting social distancing, seems to have placed a magnifying glass over the anguish of women who are mothers, showing ever-present feelings and suffering. The reports highlighted women's overload with child and house care tasks, the guilt, loneliness, exhaustion, and the feeling that there was no space in this context to "be a woman," and it extends to aesthetic and vanity related questions especially.(AU)

A partir de la pregunta "¿cómo te sientes siendo mujer y madre en tiempos de pandemia?", este estudio invitó por las redes sociales a mujeres que son madres a compartir un relato de sus experiencias sobre la readaptación parental en función del distanciamiento social causado por la pandemia del covid-19. Su objetivo fue reflexionar sobre la experiencia de ser mujer y madre en tiempos del covid-19 y el distanciamiento social, señalando algunas resonancias del escenario pandémico en la subjetividad de estas mujeres. Este estudio se basó en el marco psicoanalítico, tanto en la construcción de la investigación y análisis de los informes como en su discusión. El análisis de los casi 340 relatos, que variaron de una pequeña frase a largos párrafos, generó en las investigadoras una serie de cuestionamientos y reflexiones. La pandemia y el consecuente distanciamiento social parece haber agrandado las angustias de las mujeres que son madres, evidenciando sentimientos y sufrimientos siempre presentes. En los relatos destacan la sobrecarga de las mujeres con las tareas de cuidado de los hijos y del hogar, la culpa, la soledad, el cansancio, así como el sentimiento de que no hay espacio em este contexto para "ser mujer", relacionado principalmente a cuestiones estéticas y de vanidad.(AU)

Mental individuation of imagined finger movements can be achieved using TMS-based neurofeedback.

Neurofeedback (NF) in combination with motor imagery (MI) can be used for training individuals to volitionally modulate sensorimotor activity without producing overt movements. However, until now, NF methods were of limited utility for mentally training specific hand and finger actions. Here we employed a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) based protocol to probe and detect MI-induced motor activity patterns in the primary motor cortex (M1) with the aim to reinforce selective facilitation of single finger representations. We showed that TMS-NF training but not MI training with uninformative feedback enabled participants to selectively upregulate corticomotor excitability of one finger, while simultaneously downregulating excitability of other finger representations within the same hand. Successful finger individuation during MI was accompanied by strong desynchronization of sensorimotor brain rhythms, particularly in the beta band, as measured by electroencephalography. Additionally, informative TMS-NF promoted more dissociable EEG activation patterns underlying single finger MI, when compared to MI of the control group where no such feedback was provided. Our findings suggest that selective TMS-NF is a new approach for acquiring the ability of finger individuation even if no overt movements are performed. This might offer new treatment modality for rehabilitation after stroke or spinal cord injury.

Religious and Spiritual Aspects in the Construction of Identity Modelized as a Constellation.

This paper makes a case for an integrative approach to the field of psychology of religion and spirituality. Rather than relying upon or choosing one approach or theory to the detriment of all others, one can identify the construction of psychological identity, modelized as a constellation, as one of several possible « points of connection ¼ serving as work site for the convergence, synthesis and exchange among the vast and rich variety of concepts, measures, theories and methods extant in the field. This work of integration can stimulate, and enrich our perceptions of the multiple dimensions, levels and valences of religion and spirituality.

Large-scale psychological differences within China explained by rice versus wheat agriculture.

Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West. However, this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China. We propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese participants in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more interdependent and holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds like climate, we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and found differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and pathogen prevalence theories do not fit the data.

Short-term psychoanalytic child therapy for anxious children: a pilot study.

Few studies report treatment outcome for early childhood internalizing disorders following psychotherapy, especially psychodynamic techniques. We aimed to investigate effectiveness of a novel, developmentally appropriate, short-term psychodynamic treatment program for 4- to 10-year-olds with anxiety disorders in an outpatient setting. We conducted a quasi-experimental wait-list controlled study. Thirty children (12 females) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) anxiety disorders and their families received 20-25 sessions of manualized short-term Psychoanalytic Child Therapy (PaCT). We assessed outcome with standardized diagnostic interviews and parent reports of internalizing and total problems at all time points. Child puppet interviews and teacher reports were also available for pre-post treatment and follow-up analyses. While 18 families entered treatment immediately, 12 families were first wait-listed before receiving treatment. Analyses of symptom improvement were based on comparisons between groups (treatment vs. wait-list) as well as pre-post and 6-month follow-up data across all families (including wait-listed families). Among the 27 completers, 66.67% (n = 18) no longer met criteria for any anxiety disorder (59.88% in intent-to-treat analysis) while no children remitted across the wait-list interval. Parent-reported child internalizing and total problems significantly declined during treatment relative to wait-list. Child and teacher reports also revealed significant pre-post symptom reductions on internalizing and total problems. Diagnostic and symptom remission rates were maintained at 6-month follow-up except on child reports. This preliminary study adds to a growing database showing that psychodynamic treatments may offer an effective line of treatment for childhood internalizing symptoms and disorders in the eyes of clinicians, children, parents, and teachers.

Considerações sobre a prática budista tibetana e o processo de individuação / The Tibetan Buddhist practice and the individuation process: a review

O presente artigo pretende relacionar as meditações e práticas budistas tibetanas ao processo de individuação, pontuando os riscos de fixação nos polos inflado ou alienado da psique. Apresentamos sucintamente alguns postulados budistas e algumas modalidades de meditação, articulando-as aos processos psíquicos implicados e ao processo de individuação. Por fim, propomos que, independentemente da adesão à confissão religiosa budista, seus postulados e suas meditações podem nos auxiliar no processo de ampliação da consciência (AU)

This article aims to relate Tibetan Buddhist practices and meditations to the individuation process, pointing out the risks of fixation on the inflated or alienated poles of psyche. Some Buddhist postulates and types of meditation are briefly introduced and related to the implied psychic processes and to the individuation process. The article also proposes Buddhist "confession", postulates and meditations could be helpful in the process of development of consciousness regardless of one becoming part of its religious of its religious community (AU)

Hypnosis and parents: pattern interruptus.

The role of parents in the use of hypnosis with their children raises many questions worthy of consideration. A survey of the literature reveals that this important topic has not been given the attention or depth it deserves. The author looks at (a) how, when, and whether to incorporate parents in the treatment of their children; (b) how to address attachment and trance between parent and child; (c) engaging parents in their own hypnotic abilities beginning as early as the birthing experience; and (d) improving parenting skills such as teaching parents to pay attention to their use of language with their children in order to shift patterns of communication from unproductive to useful. In addition, the author explores the ways to invite, teach, support and interact with the family system of parent and child in our hypnotic work.

The Challenge Model: examining resilience in Pelzer's A Child Called "It".

The rapidly emerging field of positive psychology has yielded theories, research, and best practice standards that may complement the work of nursing professionals as they assess and build upon individuals' unique areas of strength in the context of daily hassles, major life events, and exceptional circumstances. In this article, we summarize Wolin and Wolin's Challenge Model and illustrate its potential usefulness as a tool for examining resilience in pediatric patients. Through our own teaching and consultation experiences, we have found that the pairing of the Wolins' clinical model of human psychology and Dave Pelzer's A Child Called "It" provides a salient means of furthering current and prospective professionals' empathic regard for young patients and clients by promoting a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of children who face adversity.

Oficinas expressivas: uma inclusão de singularidades / Expressive ateliers: an inclusion of singularities / Ateliers expressifs: une inclusion des singularités / Oficinas expresivas: una inclusión de singularidades

Este artigo pretende fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre as atividades artísticas realizadas nos serviços de saúde mental e nos diversos espaços sociais. Inicialmente, contextualiza-se como a loucura tem sido percebida socialmente, como o trabalho tem sido visto na forma de tratamento moral e como a assistência psiquiátrica modificou-se no decorrer da história. A seguir, problematizam-se as formas ainda exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapêuticas apenas em serviços de saúde mental e unicamente com a participação de pessoas que possuem transtornos mentais. Questiona-se também a clínica tradicional e cronificante. Discute-se, ainda, a segregação daqueles que desviam da serialização de subjetividades impostas pela sociedade de controle. As atividades expressivas propõem a inclusão de múltiplas singularidades. Além disso, busca-se um acolhimento às diversas formas de linguagem, não apenas aquelas restritas ao verbal, e a circulação de afetos e de produções artísticas em diversos territórios comunitários(AU)

This article intends to make a critical reflection on the artistic activities accomplished in mental health services, and in many social spaces. Initially, it's contextualized how mental illness has been perceived in society, how the work seemed to be a moral treatment, and how the psychiatric assistance has been modified through history. Following, we consider the still excludent forms of accomplishing therapeutical workshops only in services of mental health, and with the exclusive participation of people with mental disturbances. The traditional and chronifying clinical practice is also questioned. Another discussion is about the segregation of people who deviate from the serialization of subjectivities imposed by a society of control. Expressive activities consider the inclusion of multiple singularities. Moreover, there is a search for a way of sheltering the multiple forms of language, not only those restricted to the verbal one, and the circulation of affection and artistic productions in different communitarian territories(AU)

Cet article vise à faire une réflexion critique sur les activités artistiques réalisées dans les services de santé mentale et dans divers espaces sociaux. Initialement, on contextualize comme la folie a été perçue socialement, comme le travail a été vu sous la forme de traitement moral et comme l'assistance psychiatrique s'est modifiée pendant l'histoire. À suivre, on pose quéstion sur les formes d'ateliers thérapeutiques qui encore excluent les personnes, dans la mesure où ils sont realisés seulement dans services de santé mentale et seulement avec la participation de personnes qui souffrent de bouleversements mentaux. On discute aussi la clinique traditionnelle et chronifiée et la ségrégation des personnes qui dévient de la serialization de la subjectivité imposée par la société de contrôle. Les activités expressives proposent l'inclusion de multiples singularités. En outre, on cherche accueillir les diverses formes de langage - non seulement celles-là restreintes au verbal - et permettre la circulation d'affections et de productions artistiques dans divers territoires communautaires(AU)

Este articulo pretende hacer una reflexión sobre las actividades artísticas realizadas en los servicios de salud mental y en los diversos espacios sociales. Inicialmente, se contextualiza como la locura ha sido percibida socialmente, como el trabajo en la forma de tratamiento moral y como la asistencia psiquiátrica se ha modificado en el recorrer de la historia. A seguir se problematizan las formas todavía exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapéuticas solo en servicios de salud mental y solamente con la participación de personas que tienen trastornos mentales. Se cuestiona, aún, la clínica tradicional y cronificante. Se discute, todavía, la segregación de los que desvían de la socialización de subjetividades impuestas por la sociedad de control. Las actividades expresivas proponen la inclusión de múltiples singularidades. Fuera de eso, se busca un acogimiento a las diversas formas de lenguaje, no solo aquellas restrictas al verbal, pero también a la circulación de afectos y producciones artísticas en diversos territorios comunitarios(AU)

Oficinas expressivas: uma inclusão de singularidades / Expressive ateliers: an inclusion of singularities / Ateliers expressifs: une inclusion des singularités / Oficinas expresivas: una inclusión de singularidades

Este artigo pretende fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre as atividades artísticas realizadas nos serviços de saúde mental e nos diversos espaços sociais. Inicialmente, contextualiza-se como a loucura tem sido percebida socialmente, como o trabalho tem sido visto na forma de tratamento moral e como a assistência psiquiátrica modificou-se no decorrer da história. A seguir, problematizam-se as formas ainda exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapêuticas apenas em serviços de saúde mental e unicamente com a participação de pessoas que possuem transtornos mentais. Questiona-se também a clínica tradicional e cronificante. Discute-se, ainda, a segregação daqueles que desviam da serialização de subjetividades impostas pela sociedade de controle. As atividades expressivas propõem a inclusão de múltiplas singularidades. Além disso, busca-se um acolhimento às diversas formas de linguagem, não apenas aquelas restritas ao verbal, e a circulação de afetos e de produções artísticas em diversos territórios comunitários

This article intends to make a critical reflection on the artistic activities accomplished in mental health services, and in many social spaces. Initially, it's contextualized how mental illness has been perceived in society, how the work seemed to be a moral treatment, and how the psychiatric assistance has been modified through history. Following, we consider the still excludent forms of accomplishing therapeutical workshops only in services of mental health, and with the exclusive participation of people with mental disturbances. The traditional and chronifying clinical practice is also questioned. Another discussion is about the segregation of people who deviate from the serialization of subjectivities imposed by a society of control. Expressive activities consider the inclusion of multiple singularities. Moreover, there is a search for a way of sheltering the multiple forms of language, not only those restricted to the verbal one, and the circulation of affection and artistic productions in different communitarian territories

Cet article vise à faire une réflexion critique sur les activités artistiques réalisées dans les services de santé mentale et dans divers espaces sociaux. Initialement, on contextualize comme la folie a été perçue socialement, comme le travail a été vu sous la forme de traitement moral et comme l'assistance psychiatrique s'est modifiée pendant l'histoire. À suivre, on pose quéstion sur les formes d'ateliers thérapeutiques qui encore excluent les personnes, dans la mesure où ils sont realisés seulement dans services de santé mentale et seulement avec la participation de personnes qui souffrent de bouleversements mentaux. On discute aussi la clinique traditionnelle et chronifiée et la ségrégation des personnes qui dévient de la serialization de la subjectivité imposée par la société de contrôle. Les activités expressives proposent l'inclusion de multiples singularités. En outre, on cherche accueillir les diverses formes de langage - non seulement celles-là restreintes au verbal - et permettre la circulation d'affections et de productions artistiques dans divers territoires communautaires

Este articulo pretende hacer una reflexión sobre las actividades artísticas realizadas en los servicios de salud mental y en los diversos espacios sociales. Inicialmente, se contextualiza como la locura ha sido percibida socialmente, como el trabajo en la forma de tratamiento moral y como la asistencia psiquiátrica se ha modificado en el recorrer de la historia. A seguir se problematizan las formas todavía exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapéuticas solo en servicios de salud mental y solamente con la participación de personas que tienen trastornos mentales. Se cuestiona, aún, la clínica tradicional y cronificante. Se discute, todavía, la segregación de los que desvían de la socialización de subjetividades impuestas por la sociedad de control. Las actividades expresivas proponen la inclusión de múltiples singularidades. Fuera de eso, se busca un acogimiento a las diversas formas de lenguaje, no solo aquellas restrictas al verbal, pero también a la circulación de afectos y producciones artísticas en diversos territorios comunitarios

Modeling the interplay of multilevel risk factors for future academic and behavior problems: a person-centered approach.

This study identified profiles of 13 risk factors across child, family, school, and neighborhood domains in a diverse sample of children in kindergarten from four US locations (n = 750; 45% minority). It then examined the relation of those early risk profiles to externalizing problems, school failure, and low academic achievement in Grade 5. A person-centered approach, latent class analysis, revealed four unique risk profiles, which varied considerably across urban African American, urban White, and rural White children. Profiles characterized by several risks that cut across multiple domains conferred the highest risk for negative outcomes. Compared to a variable-centered approach, such as a cumulative risk index, these findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the early precursors to negative outcomes. For example, results suggested that urban children in single-parent homes that have few other risk factors (i.e., show at least average parenting warmth and consistency and report relatively low stress and high social support) are at quite low risk for externalizing problems, but at relatively high risk for poor grades and low academic achievement. These findings provide important information for refining and targeting preventive interventions to groups of children who share particular constellations of risk factors.

Union and separation in the therapy of pervasive developmental disorders and ADHD.

This paper discusses the characteristics of psychotherapy for pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in the context of the curative effects of the movement of images. The 'autistic spectrum' is widened here and includes not only PDD, but also ADHD. The main common characteristic in these two sets of disorders seems to be the lack of a subject, which manifests itself as the absence of awareness of otherness and difficulties with boundaries and language. In these cases a normal psychotherapy is ineffective as it presupposes an established subject. However a psychotherapeutic approach with these patients can contribute to the emergence of a subject. In severe cases the process of union and separation which is enacted either in the therapeutic relationship or in symbolic play leads to the birth of a subject, and of language. In milder cases, such as ADHD, the moments of separation and confrontation with the therapist suffice. I will discuss a case of my own with Asperger's syndrome in which union and separation in the play therapy occurred simultaneously. This indicates that union and separation are not a consecutive process, but are simultaneous and lead to dialectical movement. However, in neurotic cases with an established subjectivity the symbolic meaning of image plays a central role. This corresponds to Jung's understanding of image in alchemy.

Sacred space, analytic space, the self, and god.

Parental figures influence the type of religious experiences a person may have. Clinical material from the analysis of a young woman documents the importance of having an actual sacred space in which one can be oneself in religious life and a psychoanalytic space during treatment to progressively experience oneself.

Práticas de cura místico-religiosas, psicoterapia e subjetividade contemporânea / Pratiques mystico-religieuses de guérison, psychothérapie et subjectivité contemporaine / Prácticas curativas místico-religiosas, psicoterapia y subjetividad contemporânea / Mystic-religious cure practices, psychotherapy, and contemporary subjectivity

Analisamos os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as práticas de cura místico-religiosas (Evangélicas e Católica Renovadas e Umbanda) e sua comparação com o tratamento dos Ambulatórios de Saúde Mental públicos, para indivíduos com queixas de sofrimento psíquico. A análise estatística revelou que as práticas de cura místico-religiosas são eficazes na solução dos problemas que as procuraram, superando, a curto prazo, a eficácia obtida pelas práticas ambulatoriais. As práticas de cura místico-religiosas parecem funcionar como ortopedias das 'doenças' do individualismo contemporâneo, repondo com meios sintônicos aos sintomas alguma funcionalidade da categoria indivíduo. Como desdobramento da análise chegamos à hipótese sobre a existência de uma 'Cultura do Misticismo' em estado avançado de formação no contexto brasileiro, como conseqüência das características culturais e dos efeitos da perturbação das relações do sujeito com o campo do simbólico, nas sociedades de consumo globalizado(AU)

We have analyzed the results of an inquiry about mystic-religious cure practices (within both Protestant and Renovated Catholic Churches, as well as Umbanda afro-american spiritualism). Along with the comparison between those results and treatment, in Mental Health public nurseries, of individuals complaining from mental discomfort. The statistic analysis revealed mystic-religious cure practices are efficacious at the solution of problems from those who recurred to these practices, overcoming, in the short term, the efficacy obtained by the nurserial practices. Mystic-religious cure practices seem to function like contemporary individualism 'illnesses' orthopedia, restoring, with sintony to the symptoms, some individual category's functionality. As the survey unfolds, we came to the hypothesis about the existence of a 'Mysticism Culture', in advanced stage of formation within the Brazilian context, as a consequence of cultural features, as well as of the effects from subjective relation disturbances towards the symbolic field, inside globalized consummation societies(AU)

Nous avons analysé les résultats d'une recherché sur les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses (chez les Églises Évangéliques et Catholique Renovée, et chez l'Oumbanda). Ainsi que leur comparaison avec le traitement fourni, chez les Ambulatoires de Santé Mentale publiques, aux individus se plaignant de souffrance psychique. L'analyse statistique a révélé que les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses sont efficaces à la solution des problèmes de ceux qui les ont cherché, en surmontant, dans le court délai, l'efficacité obtenue par les pratiques ambulatoriales. Les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses semblent fonctioner comme des orthopédies des 'maladies' de l'individualisme contemporain, en réinstallant, par des moyens syntoniques, quelque fonctionalité de la catégorie individu. Comme suite de l'analyse, nous arrivons à l'hypothèse sur l'existence d'une 'Culture du Mysticisme' en état avancé de formation dans le contexte brésilien, comme conséquence des caractéristiques culturelles et des effets de la perturbation des rapports du sujet avec le domaine du symbolique, dans les sociétés de consommation mondialisées(AU)

Analizamos los resultados de una investigación acerca de las prácticas curativas místico-religiosas (católicas y evangélicas renovadas, y Umbanda). Y su comparación con el tratamiento los Ambulatorios de la Salud Mental públicos, para las personas con las quejas de sufrimiento psíquico. El análisis estadístico mostró que las prácticas de curación místico-religiosas son eficaces en la solución de los problemas que las procuram, superando , en corto plazo, la eficacia obtenida por las prácticas de los Ambulatorios. Las prácticas curativas místico-religiosas parecen actuar como ortopedias de 'enfermedades' del individualismo contemporáneo, sustituiendo con medios sintônicos a los síntomas alguna funcionalidad de la categoria individuo. Cómo desdoblamiento del análisis hemos llegado a la hipótesis sobre la existencia de una 'cultura del misticismo' en una fase avanzada de su formación en el contexto brasileño, como consecuencia de las características culturales y de los efectos de la perturbación de las relaciones de los indivíduos con el campo del Simbólico, en las sociedades de consumo globalizado(AU)

Práticas de cura místico-religiosas, psicoterapia e subjetividade contemporânea / Pratiques mystico-religieuses de guérison, psychothérapie et subjectivité contemporaine / Prácticas curativas místico-religiosas, psicoterapia y subjetividad contemporânea / Mystic-religious cure practices, psychotherapy, and contemporary subjectivity

Analisamos os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as práticas de cura místico-religiosas (Evangélicas e Católica Renovadas e Umbanda) e sua comparação com o tratamento dos Ambulatórios de Saúde Mental públicos, para indivíduos com queixas de sofrimento psíquico. A análise estatística revelou que as práticas de cura místico-religiosas são eficazes na solução dos problemas que as procuraram, superando, a curto prazo, a eficácia obtida pelas práticas ambulatoriais. As práticas de cura místico-religiosas parecem funcionar como ortopedias das "doenças" do individualismo contemporâneo, repondo com meios sintônicos aos sintomas alguma funcionalidade da categoria indivíduo. Como desdobramento da análise chegamos à hipótese sobre a existência de uma "Cultura do Misticismo" em estado avançado de formação no contexto brasileiro, como conseqüência das características culturais e dos efeitos da perturbação das relações do sujeito com o campo do simbólico, nas sociedades de consumo globalizado.

We have analyzed the results of an inquiry about mystic-religious cure practices (within both Protestant and Renovated Catholic Churches, as well as Umbanda afro-american spiritualism). Along with the comparison between those results and treatment, in Mental Health public nurseries, of individuals complaining from mental discomfort. The statistic analysis revealed mystic-religious cure practices are efficacious at the solution of problems from those who recurred to these practices, overcoming, in the short term, the efficacy obtained by the nurserial practices. Mystic-religious cure practices seem to function like contemporary individualism "illnesses" orthopedia, restoring, with sintony to the symptoms, some individual category's functionality. As the survey unfolds, we came to the hypothesis about the existence of a "Mysticism Culture", in advanced stage of formation within the Brazilian context, as a consequence of cultural features, as well as of the effects from subjective relation disturbances towards the symbolic field, inside globalized consummation societies.

Nous avons analysé les résultats d'une recherché sur les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses (chez les Églises Évangéliques et Catholique Renovée, et chez l'Oumbanda). Ainsi que leur comparaison avec le traitement fourni, chez les Ambulatoires de Santé Mentale publiques, aux individus se plaignant de souffrance psychique. L'analyse statistique a révélé que les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses sont efficaces à la solution des problèmes de ceux qui les ont cherché, en surmontant, dans le court délai, l'efficacité obtenue par les pratiques ambulatoriales. Les pratiques de guérison mystico-religieuses semblent fonctioner comme des orthopédies des "maladies" de l'individualisme contemporain, en réinstallant, par des moyens syntoniques, quelque fonctionalité de la catégorie individu. Comme suite de l'analyse, nous arrivons à l'hypothèse sur l'existence d'une "Culture du Mysticisme" en état avancé de formation dans le contexte brésilien, comme conséquence des caractéristiques culturelles et des effets de la perturbation des rapports du sujet avec le domaine du symbolique, dans les sociétés de consommation mondialisées.

Analizamos los resultados de una investigación acerca de las prácticas curativas místico-religiosas (católicas y evangélicas renovadas, y Umbanda). Y su comparación con el tratamiento los Ambulatorios de la Salud Mental públicos, para las personas con las quejas de sufrimiento psíquico. El análisis estadístico mostró que las prácticas de curación místico-religiosas son eficaces en la solución de los problemas que las procuram, superando , en corto plazo, la eficacia obtenida por las prácticas de los Ambulatorios. Las prácticas curativas místico-religiosas parecen actuar como ortopedias de "enfermedades" del individualismo contemporáneo, sustituiendo con medios sintônicos a los síntomas alguna funcionalidad de la categoria individuo. Cómo desdoblamiento del análisis hemos llegado a la hipótesis sobre la existencia de una "cultura del misticismo" en una fase avanzada de su formación en el contexto brasileño, como consecuencia de las características culturales y de los efectos de la perturbación de las relaciones de los indivíduos con el campo del Simbólico, en las sociedades de consumo globalizado.